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The cooling system of the car is roughly divided into two types: air cooling and water cooling.
Its main function is to take away the heat generated by the engine due to combustion, so that the engine can maintain the normal operating temperature range.
Air cooling the engine is to cool the engine by the engine driving the fan and the airflow when the vehicle is running.
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The air-cooled structure is relatively simple, and the cylinder body and cylinder head are covered with heat sinks, just like a motorcycle engine.
However, the heat dissipation of the motorcycle engine only relies on the windward airflow, and the air cooling of the car is forced cooling by the air blowing by the blower blades,
so the air collecting hood must be installed on the surface of the cylinder and cylinder head to guide the air flow.
The water-cooled engine relies on the circulation of cooling water in the engine to cool the engine. The structure of the water-cooled type is more complicated, including water pump, water tank, water pipe, cooling fan, thermostat, etc.
In addition, the casting of the engine cylinder block and cylinder head is more troublesome, and there must be water jackets, water plugs, and water channels, so the cost is high.
Also due to the complex structure, the failure rate is high, but the cooling effect is good and easy to control, which is suitable for use in Taiwan with a tropical climate. At present, almost all car models on the market belong to cooled engines.
The circulation system of the water-cooled engine can be divided into small circulation and large circulation. The small circulation means that the cooling water only circulates in the engine, while the large circulation means that the cooling water circulates between the engine and the water tank.
This difference is because the temperature of the engine is low when the engine is cold. At this time, a small amount of cooling water circulates in the engine, so that the engine can quickly reach the working temperature;
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The temperature control valve will be opened, allowing the cooling water to flow into the water tank to allow the air to take away the heat. .
The circulation of cooling water is driven by the water pump, which is driven by the operation of the engine, so the higher the engine speed, the higher the operating efficiency of the water pump.
In the cooling system, there is also the presence of a coolant. The coolant is made of pure water and the water tank in a certain proportion, and the water tank can increase the boiling point of the cooling water.
The boiling point of pure water at normal temperature and pressure is 100°C. Once the engine temperature is too high, the cooling water will boil into water vapor, and the thermal convection coefficient of water in the gaseous state is much lower than that in the liquid state, so the gaseous water vapor can hardly be carried.
Take away the heat of the engine. At this time, the temperature of the engine will rise rapidly and damage the engine.
Therefore, the water tank will increase the boiling point of the cooling water to ensure that the coolant is still liquid at high temperatures, so as to take away the heat generated by the engine.
No matter what kind of cooling method the car engine adopts, a normal cooling system must be able to ensure that the engine can maintain normal operation without overheating under various driving conditions.
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